: 7–8 However, it was Lewis Carroll's fantasy, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, published in 1865 in England, that signaled the change in writing style for children to an imaginative and empathetic one. Tom Brown's School Days by Thomas Hughes appeared in 1857, and is considered to be the founding book in the school story tradition. Locke himself emphasized the importance of providing children with 'easy pleasant books' to develop their minds rather than using force to compel them: 'Children may be cozen'd into a knowledge of the letters be taught to read, without perceiving it to be anything but a sport, and play themselves into that which others are whipp'd for.' He also suggested that picture books be created for children. A corollary of this doctrine was that the mind of the child was born blank and that it was the duty of the parents to imbue the child with correct notions. In Locke's philosophy, tabula rasa was the theory that the (human) mind is at birth a 'blank slate' without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one's sensory experiences. : 6–7 : 9 The English philosopher John Locke developed his theory of the tabula rasa in his 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Adults saw children as separate beings, innocent and in need of protection and training by the adults around them.
ĭuring the seventeenth century, the concept of childhood began to emerge in Europe. However, others would argue that comics should also be included: 'Children's Literature studies has traditionally treated comics fitfully and superficially despite the importance of comics as a global phenomenon associated with children'.
: xvii One writer on children's literature defines it as 'all books written for children, excluding works such as comic books, joke books, cartoon books, and non-fiction works that are not intended to be read from front to back, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials'. The genre encompasses a wide range of works, including acknowledged classics of world literature, picture books and easy-to-read stories written exclusively for children, and fairy tales, lullabies, fables, folk songs, and other primarily orally transmitted materials or more specifically defined as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama intended for and used by children and young people. : 15–17 It can be broadly defined as the body of written works and accompanying illustrations produced in order to entertain or instruct young people. There is no single or widely used definition of children's literature.
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